Flat Camera Invented at Rice University Looks into the Future
November 24, 2015 | Rice UniversityEstimated reading time: 3 minutes
How thin can a camera be? Very, say Rice University researchers who have developed patented prototypes of their technological breakthrough.
FlatCam, invented by the Rice labs of electrical and computer engineers Richard Baraniuk and Ashok Veeraraghavan, is little more than a thin sensor chip with a mask that replaces lenses in a traditional camera.
Making it practical are the sophisticated computer algorithms that process what the sensor detects and converts the sensor measurements into images and videos.
The research team will deliver a talk about its work at the Extreme Imaging Workshop Dec. 17 in Santiago, Chile, and have published a paper available via the online service ArXiv.
Traditional cameras are shrinking, driven by their widespread adoption in smartphones. But they all require lenses – and the post-fabrication assembly required to integrate lenses into cameras raises their cost, according to the researchers.
FlatCam does away with those issues in a camera that is also thin and flexible enough for applications that traditional devices cannot serve. FlatCams can be fabricated like microchips, with the precision, speed and the associated reduction in costs, Veeraraghavan said. Without lenses, he said, the most recent prototype is thinner than a dime.
“As traditional cameras get smaller, their sensors also get smaller, and this means they collect very little light,” he said. “The low-light performance of a camera is tied to the surface area of the sensor. Unfortunately, since all camera designs are basically cubes, surface area is tied to thickness.
“Our design decouples the two parameters, providing the ability to utilize the enhanced light-collection abilities of large sensors with a really thin device,” he said.
FlatCams may find use in security or disaster-relief applications and as flexible, foldable wearable and even disposable cameras, he said.
The researchers are realistic about the needs of photographers, who are far more likely to stick with their lens-based systems. But for some applications, FlatCam may be the only way to go, Baraniuk said.
“Moving from a cube design to just a surface without sacrificing performance opens up so many possibilities,” he said. “We can make curved cameras, or wallpaper that’s actually a camera. You can have a camera on your credit card or a camera in an ultrathin tablet computer.”
FlatCam shares its heritage with lens-less pinhole cameras, but instead of a single hole, it features a grid-like coded mask positioned very close to the sensor. Each aperture allows a slightly different set of light data to reach the sensor. Raw data sent to the back-end processor – for now, a desktop computer – is sorted into an image. Like much larger light field cameras, the picture can be focused to different depths after the data is collected.
Rice’s hand-built prototypes use off-the-shelf sensors and produce 512-by-512 images in seconds, but the researchers expect that resolution will improve as more advanced manufacturing techniques and reconstruction algorithms are developed. The FlatCam team is working with the Rice lab of Jacob Robinson, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, to develop next-generation, directly fabricated devices.
The prototypes do not have viewfinders. Many applications won’t need one, said co-author Aswin Sankaranarayanan, but a cellphone screen may eventually serve the purpose. “Smart phones already feature pretty powerful computers, so we can easily imagine computing at least a low-resolution preview in real time,” he said.
Lead author of the paper is Rice postdoctoral researcher Salman Asif. Rice graduate student Ali Ayremlou is a co-author. Sankaranarayanan is a Rice alumnus and is now an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. Baraniuk is the Victor E. Cameron Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Veeraraghavan is an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Rice.
The National Science Foundation supported the research.
Suggested Items
Boeing Opens Research & Technology Center in Japan
04/23/2024 | BoeingBoeing today opened a Boeing Research & Technology (BR&T) Center in Japan that will focus on innovation to enable the commercial aviation industry meet its goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Ansys Joins BAE Systems’ Mission Advantage Program to Advance Digital Engineering Across US Department of Defense
04/16/2024 | ANSYSAnsys announced it is working with BAE Systems, Inc., to accelerate the adoption of digital engineering and MBSE across the Department of Defense (DoD).
Incap Estonia Teamed Up With Solaride to Fuel Youth Excitement for The World of Engineering
04/11/2024 | IncapIncap Estonia partnered with Solaride to ignite enthusiasm among young people for the world of engineering and sustainable technology. Together, they organised an inspiring day for students from grades 7 through 12 in Saaremaa. Held at Incap’s Kuressaare factory, this event brought together over 130 young minds eager to explore the innovative world of technology and learn more about advanced electronics manufacturing.
Mark Schulman Rocks Zuken Innovation World + integrate24
04/10/2024 | ZukenZuken USA, Inc. is excited to announce that the renowned drummer and motivational speaker, Mark Schulman, will be the keynote speaker at this year's Zuken Innovation World Americas (ZIW) conference, co-located with integrate24. Scheduled for September 17-19, 2024, in the vibrant city of Cleveland, Ohio, the conference aims to bring together the brightest minds in the PCB, Wire Harness, and Digital Engineering fields.
Saab Announces Plans for New Munitions Facility in U.S.
04/03/2024 | SaabSaab announced plans to build a new munitions facility in the U.S., continuing the company’s strong investment and growth domestically.