Berkeley Lab Spinoff Company Makes Fast, Accurate Nanoscale Sensor
August 17, 2015 | Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEstimated reading time: 3 minutes
Imagine being able to test your food in your very own kitchen to quickly determine if it carried any deadly microbes. Research conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and now being commercialized by Optokey may make that possible.
Optokey, a startup based in Hayward, California, has developed a miniaturized sensor based on Raman spectroscopy that can quickly and accurately detect or diagnose substances at a molecular level. “Our system can do chemistry, biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical diagnosis, and chemical analysis,” said company president and co-founder Fanqing Frank Chen. “And our system can be implemented very cheaply, without much human intervention.”
Optokey’s Robert Chebi (left) and Frank Chen are commercializing a nanoscale sensor developed at Berkeley Lab. (Photo by Julie Chao)
The technology is based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a technique for molecular fingerprinting. While SERS is a highly sensitive analytical tool, the results are not easily reproducible. As a scientist at Berkeley Lab, Chen and colleagues developed a solution to this problem using what they called “nanoplasmonic resonators,” which measures the interaction of photons with an activated surface using nanostructures in order to do chemical and biological sensing. The method produces measurements much more reliably.
“At Optokey we’re able to mass produce this nanoplasmonic resonator on a wafer scale,” Chen said. “We took something from the R&D realm and turned it into something industrial-strength.”
The miniaturized sensors use a microfluidic control system for “lab on a chip” automated liquid sampling. The company is taking a page from the semiconductor industry in making its chip. “We’re leveraging knowledge acquired from high-tech semiconductor manufacturing methods to get the cost, the volume, and the accuracy in the chip,” said VP of Manufacturing Robert Chebi, a veteran of the microelectronic industry who previously worked at Lam Research and Applied Materials. “We’re also leveraging all the knowledge in lasers and optics for this specific Raman-based method.”
Chebi calls Optokey’s product a “biochemical nose,” or an advanced nanophotonic automated system, with sensitivity to the level of a single molecule, far superior to sensors on the market today. “Today’s detection and diagnosis methods are far from perfect—detection limits are in PPM (parts per million) and PPB (parts per billion),” he said. “Also, our system can provide information in minutes, or even on a continuous basis, versus other methods where it could take hours or even days, if samples have to be sent to another lab.”
The potential applications, he says, are vast, including food safety, environmental monitoring (of both liquids and gases), medical diagnosis, and chemical analysis. Optokey’s customers include a major European company interested in food safety, a Chinese petrochemical company interested in detecting impurities in its products, and a German company interested in point-of-care diagnosis.
“I think we’re at the cusp of a really major transition in the field,” Chen said. “The product we’re envisioning is something that is compact and automated but also connected, and it can go into schools, restaurants, factories, hospitals, ambulances, airports, and even battlefields.”
The next market Chen is targeting is the smart home, where a nanophotonic sensor could be built to scan for pollutants not just in food but also in air and water.
Trained at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Mount Sinai Hospital at NYU, Chen started out as a biochemist working on biomedical devices. After he joined Berkeley Lab around 2000, he learned about quantum dots, which are nanocrystals with peculiar properties, and began exploring their use in biology. That led to further investigations into nanomaterials. One accomplishment was a so-called molecular ruler made of gold nanoparticles tethered to DNA strands, which, using plasmon resonance, was capable of measuring protein-DNA interactions.
Ultimately Chen and his group developed about 20 patents involving hybrid bionanomaterials. The key discovery that led to the formation of Optokey was the development of the nanoplasmonic resonators to dramatically improve the signal and reliability of Raman spectroscopy. The method was initially used in the research lab to quickly and accurately detect a biomarker for prostate cancer, which has a high rate of false positives using conventional diagnostic tools.
Optokey is a privately held company with about 10 employees. Besides Chen, the other co-founder is Richard Mathies, a UC Berkeley chemistry professor and world-renowned expert on Raman spectroscopy. The company was formed in 2010, and operations were launched in 2013.
“There was 10 years of research that went into this, funded by NIH, DARPA, the federal government, private foundations,” said Chen. “Berkeley Lab has a really good culture of multidisciplinary research, excellent engineering, and very strong basic science. Plus it has strong support for startups.”
Suggested Items
Trouble in Your Tank: Supporting IC Substrates and Advanced Packaging, Part 5
03/19/2024 | Michael Carano -- Column: Trouble in Your TankDirect metallization systems based on conductive graphite or carbon dispersion are quickly gaining acceptance worldwide. Indeed, the environmental and productivity gains one can achieve with these processes are outstanding. In today’s highly competitive and litigious environment, direct metallization reduces costs associated with compliance, waste treatment, and legal issues related to chemical exposure. What makes these processes leaders in the direct metallization space?
LPKF Receives Major Customer Order in Solar
03/18/2024 | LPKFThe technology company LPKF Laser & Electronics SE has once again received a major order in the solar market, continuing its long-standing successful collabo[1]ration with a leading international manufacturer.
New Features Boost Speed, Accuracy, Ease of Use for YAMAHA AOI System
03/18/2024 | Yamaha Robotics SMT SectionYamaha Robotics has announced Performance-boosting upgrades for the YAMAHA YRi-V 3D AOI system. These upgrades include faster board handling, multi-component alignment checking, and enhanced LED coplanarity measurement, among others.
AT&S Shines with Purest Copper on World Recycling Day
03/18/2024 | AT&SThe Styrian microelectronics specialist AT&S is taking World Recycling Day as an opportunity to review the progress that has been made in recent months at its sites around the world in terms of the efficient use of resources:
Anda Technologies to Feature Large Platform Conformal Coating and Plasma Treatment Systems at 2024 IPC APEX EXPO
03/15/2024 | Anda TechnologiesAnda Technologies, a leading provider of fluid application and custom automated manufacturing equipment, will showcase its latest innovations at Booth 1038 during the 2024 IPC APEX EXPO.